Gaston_et_al_2013

Gaston KJ, Avila-Jim Enez L, Edmondson JL (2013) Managing urban ecosystems for goods and services. Journal of Applied Ecology 50:830–840. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12087

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Keywords: Ecosystem services, urban, land use, European, wicked problems

Human urban populations typically obtain most of their ecosystem resources from sources that are distributed over a larger area. Urban areas have a significant level of ecosystem services and processes happening within their borders. Green spaces are extremely heterogenous and small. Urban areas are temporally dynamic. Spatial flows of ES are highly constrained across urban landscapes. Very large numbers of land managers present in urban environments. “Wicked problem”